The semen analysis is the finding that needs a plan, whether the change is mild or sperm are absent.
Male-factor infertility is not a single diagnosis. Count, movement, and shape can be mildly changed, or sperm can be missing from the ejaculate. A second test is often requested before a major decision, because one sample can mislead.
What happens next
A history and, when needed, hormone tests or a urology review. Mild findings may still allow insemination. Very low counts usually lead to ICSI. Absent sperm leads to a discussion of surgical retrieval, timed with the laboratory so any sperm found can be used or frozen.
Both partners
The female assessment still matters. A semen result does not cancel the need to know about ovulation and tubes.
